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IL-10 Produced by CD8 T cells induces NK cell recruitment. ( A ) IL-10 concentration produced in vitro during 24 hours by CD8 T cells sorted from CT26 at D1. ( B, C ) Spleen CD8 T cells from naive mice were cultured in activating (αCD3xαCD28) or resting condition for ( B ) up to 72 hours and ( C ) cultured for 72 hours in the presence or not <t>of</t> <t>VEGF-A.</t> ( D ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy (αPD-1+ αVEGFR2) or the bitherapy with an anti-IL-10 (αIL-10) (n=11–12). ( E, F ) Flow cytometry analysis of the expression of the IL-10R ( E ) by peripheral blood NK cells from naive or CT26-bearing and ( F ) by intratumor NK cells of CT26-bearing mice at D1. ( G ) Percentage of IL-10R-expressing spleen NK cells after 24 hours of stimulation with indicated IL-10 concentrations. ( H ) Flow cytometry analysis at D1 of NK cells number in CT26 tumor. ( I ) Flow cytometry analysis of Ki-67 expression by NK cells from naive mice cultured for 24 hours with increasing IL-10 concentration. ( J ) Transwell migration assay of spleen NK cells from naive mice toward increasing concentration of IL-10 for 4 hours. The numbers of migrated cells were determined by flow cytometry using counting beads and normalized to basal migration (without IL-10). ( K ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing Balb/c mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy, and/or an anti-IL10R, and/or an anti-Asialo-GM1 (n=5). Data representative of at least three independent experiments. The statistical tests used were ( D, K ) two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test, ( A, C, F ) unpaired t-test, ( B ) multiple paired t-tests, ( G, H, I ) one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s test. Data represent mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. ANOVA, analysis of variance; IL-10, interleukin-10; NK, natural killer; ns, not significant; PD1, programmed cell death protein-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
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IL-10 Produced by CD8 T cells induces NK cell recruitment. ( A ) IL-10 concentration produced in vitro during 24 hours by CD8 T cells sorted from CT26 at D1. ( B, C ) Spleen CD8 T cells from naive mice were cultured in activating (αCD3xαCD28) or resting condition for ( B ) up to 72 hours and ( C ) cultured for 72 hours in the presence or not <t>of</t> <t>VEGF-A.</t> ( D ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy (αPD-1+ αVEGFR2) or the bitherapy with an anti-IL-10 (αIL-10) (n=11–12). ( E, F ) Flow cytometry analysis of the expression of the IL-10R ( E ) by peripheral blood NK cells from naive or CT26-bearing and ( F ) by intratumor NK cells of CT26-bearing mice at D1. ( G ) Percentage of IL-10R-expressing spleen NK cells after 24 hours of stimulation with indicated IL-10 concentrations. ( H ) Flow cytometry analysis at D1 of NK cells number in CT26 tumor. ( I ) Flow cytometry analysis of Ki-67 expression by NK cells from naive mice cultured for 24 hours with increasing IL-10 concentration. ( J ) Transwell migration assay of spleen NK cells from naive mice toward increasing concentration of IL-10 for 4 hours. The numbers of migrated cells were determined by flow cytometry using counting beads and normalized to basal migration (without IL-10). ( K ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing Balb/c mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy, and/or an anti-IL10R, and/or an anti-Asialo-GM1 (n=5). Data representative of at least three independent experiments. The statistical tests used were ( D, K ) two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test, ( A, C, F ) unpaired t-test, ( B ) multiple paired t-tests, ( G, H, I ) one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s test. Data represent mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. ANOVA, analysis of variance; IL-10, interleukin-10; NK, natural killer; ns, not significant; PD1, programmed cell death protein-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
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IL-10 Produced by CD8 T cells induces NK cell recruitment. ( A ) IL-10 concentration produced in vitro during 24 hours by CD8 T cells sorted from CT26 at D1. ( B, C ) Spleen CD8 T cells from naive mice were cultured in activating (αCD3xαCD28) or resting condition for ( B ) up to 72 hours and ( C ) cultured for 72 hours in the presence or not <t>of</t> <t>VEGF-A.</t> ( D ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy (αPD-1+ αVEGFR2) or the bitherapy with an anti-IL-10 (αIL-10) (n=11–12). ( E, F ) Flow cytometry analysis of the expression of the IL-10R ( E ) by peripheral blood NK cells from naive or CT26-bearing and ( F ) by intratumor NK cells of CT26-bearing mice at D1. ( G ) Percentage of IL-10R-expressing spleen NK cells after 24 hours of stimulation with indicated IL-10 concentrations. ( H ) Flow cytometry analysis at D1 of NK cells number in CT26 tumor. ( I ) Flow cytometry analysis of Ki-67 expression by NK cells from naive mice cultured for 24 hours with increasing IL-10 concentration. ( J ) Transwell migration assay of spleen NK cells from naive mice toward increasing concentration of IL-10 for 4 hours. The numbers of migrated cells were determined by flow cytometry using counting beads and normalized to basal migration (without IL-10). ( K ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing Balb/c mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy, and/or an anti-IL10R, and/or an anti-Asialo-GM1 (n=5). Data representative of at least three independent experiments. The statistical tests used were ( D, K ) two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test, ( A, C, F ) unpaired t-test, ( B ) multiple paired t-tests, ( G, H, I ) one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s test. Data represent mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. ANOVA, analysis of variance; IL-10, interleukin-10; NK, natural killer; ns, not significant; PD1, programmed cell death protein-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
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IL-10 Produced by CD8 T cells induces NK cell recruitment. ( A ) IL-10 concentration produced in vitro during 24 hours by CD8 T cells sorted from CT26 at D1. ( B, C ) Spleen CD8 T cells from naive mice were cultured in activating (αCD3xαCD28) or resting condition for ( B ) up to 72 hours and ( C ) cultured for 72 hours in the presence or not <t>of</t> <t>VEGF-A.</t> ( D ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy (αPD-1+ αVEGFR2) or the bitherapy with an anti-IL-10 (αIL-10) (n=11–12). ( E, F ) Flow cytometry analysis of the expression of the IL-10R ( E ) by peripheral blood NK cells from naive or CT26-bearing and ( F ) by intratumor NK cells of CT26-bearing mice at D1. ( G ) Percentage of IL-10R-expressing spleen NK cells after 24 hours of stimulation with indicated IL-10 concentrations. ( H ) Flow cytometry analysis at D1 of NK cells number in CT26 tumor. ( I ) Flow cytometry analysis of Ki-67 expression by NK cells from naive mice cultured for 24 hours with increasing IL-10 concentration. ( J ) Transwell migration assay of spleen NK cells from naive mice toward increasing concentration of IL-10 for 4 hours. The numbers of migrated cells were determined by flow cytometry using counting beads and normalized to basal migration (without IL-10). ( K ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing Balb/c mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy, and/or an anti-IL10R, and/or an anti-Asialo-GM1 (n=5). Data representative of at least three independent experiments. The statistical tests used were ( D, K ) two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test, ( A, C, F ) unpaired t-test, ( B ) multiple paired t-tests, ( G, H, I ) one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s test. Data represent mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. ANOVA, analysis of variance; IL-10, interleukin-10; NK, natural killer; ns, not significant; PD1, programmed cell death protein-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
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IL-10 Produced by CD8 T cells induces NK cell recruitment. ( A ) IL-10 concentration produced in vitro during 24 hours by CD8 T cells sorted from CT26 at D1. ( B, C ) Spleen CD8 T cells from naive mice were cultured in activating (αCD3xαCD28) or resting condition for ( B ) up to 72 hours and ( C ) cultured for 72 hours in the presence or not <t>of</t> <t>VEGF-A.</t> ( D ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy (αPD-1+ αVEGFR2) or the bitherapy with an anti-IL-10 (αIL-10) (n=11–12). ( E, F ) Flow cytometry analysis of the expression of the IL-10R ( E ) by peripheral blood NK cells from naive or CT26-bearing and ( F ) by intratumor NK cells of CT26-bearing mice at D1. ( G ) Percentage of IL-10R-expressing spleen NK cells after 24 hours of stimulation with indicated IL-10 concentrations. ( H ) Flow cytometry analysis at D1 of NK cells number in CT26 tumor. ( I ) Flow cytometry analysis of Ki-67 expression by NK cells from naive mice cultured for 24 hours with increasing IL-10 concentration. ( J ) Transwell migration assay of spleen NK cells from naive mice toward increasing concentration of IL-10 for 4 hours. The numbers of migrated cells were determined by flow cytometry using counting beads and normalized to basal migration (without IL-10). ( K ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing Balb/c mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy, and/or an anti-IL10R, and/or an anti-Asialo-GM1 (n=5). Data representative of at least three independent experiments. The statistical tests used were ( D, K ) two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test, ( A, C, F ) unpaired t-test, ( B ) multiple paired t-tests, ( G, H, I ) one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s test. Data represent mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. ANOVA, analysis of variance; IL-10, interleukin-10; NK, natural killer; ns, not significant; PD1, programmed cell death protein-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
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IL-10 Produced by CD8 T cells induces NK cell recruitment. ( A ) IL-10 concentration produced in vitro during 24 hours by CD8 T cells sorted from CT26 at D1. ( B, C ) Spleen CD8 T cells from naive mice were cultured in activating (αCD3xαCD28) or resting condition for ( B ) up to 72 hours and ( C ) cultured for 72 hours in the presence or not <t>of</t> <t>VEGF-A.</t> ( D ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy (αPD-1+ αVEGFR2) or the bitherapy with an anti-IL-10 (αIL-10) (n=11–12). ( E, F ) Flow cytometry analysis of the expression of the IL-10R ( E ) by peripheral blood NK cells from naive or CT26-bearing and ( F ) by intratumor NK cells of CT26-bearing mice at D1. ( G ) Percentage of IL-10R-expressing spleen NK cells after 24 hours of stimulation with indicated IL-10 concentrations. ( H ) Flow cytometry analysis at D1 of NK cells number in CT26 tumor. ( I ) Flow cytometry analysis of Ki-67 expression by NK cells from naive mice cultured for 24 hours with increasing IL-10 concentration. ( J ) Transwell migration assay of spleen NK cells from naive mice toward increasing concentration of IL-10 for 4 hours. The numbers of migrated cells were determined by flow cytometry using counting beads and normalized to basal migration (without IL-10). ( K ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing Balb/c mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy, and/or an anti-IL10R, and/or an anti-Asialo-GM1 (n=5). Data representative of at least three independent experiments. The statistical tests used were ( D, K ) two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test, ( A, C, F ) unpaired t-test, ( B ) multiple paired t-tests, ( G, H, I ) one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s test. Data represent mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. ANOVA, analysis of variance; IL-10, interleukin-10; NK, natural killer; ns, not significant; PD1, programmed cell death protein-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
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IL-10 Produced by CD8 T cells induces NK cell recruitment. ( A ) IL-10 concentration produced in vitro during 24 hours by CD8 T cells sorted from CT26 at D1. ( B, C ) Spleen CD8 T cells from naive mice were cultured in activating (αCD3xαCD28) or resting condition for ( B ) up to 72 hours and ( C ) cultured for 72 hours in the presence or not of VEGF-A. ( D ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy (αPD-1+ αVEGFR2) or the bitherapy with an anti-IL-10 (αIL-10) (n=11–12). ( E, F ) Flow cytometry analysis of the expression of the IL-10R ( E ) by peripheral blood NK cells from naive or CT26-bearing and ( F ) by intratumor NK cells of CT26-bearing mice at D1. ( G ) Percentage of IL-10R-expressing spleen NK cells after 24 hours of stimulation with indicated IL-10 concentrations. ( H ) Flow cytometry analysis at D1 of NK cells number in CT26 tumor. ( I ) Flow cytometry analysis of Ki-67 expression by NK cells from naive mice cultured for 24 hours with increasing IL-10 concentration. ( J ) Transwell migration assay of spleen NK cells from naive mice toward increasing concentration of IL-10 for 4 hours. The numbers of migrated cells were determined by flow cytometry using counting beads and normalized to basal migration (without IL-10). ( K ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing Balb/c mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy, and/or an anti-IL10R, and/or an anti-Asialo-GM1 (n=5). Data representative of at least three independent experiments. The statistical tests used were ( D, K ) two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test, ( A, C, F ) unpaired t-test, ( B ) multiple paired t-tests, ( G, H, I ) one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s test. Data represent mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. ANOVA, analysis of variance; IL-10, interleukin-10; NK, natural killer; ns, not significant; PD1, programmed cell death protein-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

Journal: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer

Article Title: IL-10 secretion by CD8 T cells orchestrates early NK cell recruitment and antitumor immunity after anti-VEGFR-2/PD-1 therapy

doi: 10.1136/jitc-2026-015243

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-10 Produced by CD8 T cells induces NK cell recruitment. ( A ) IL-10 concentration produced in vitro during 24 hours by CD8 T cells sorted from CT26 at D1. ( B, C ) Spleen CD8 T cells from naive mice were cultured in activating (αCD3xαCD28) or resting condition for ( B ) up to 72 hours and ( C ) cultured for 72 hours in the presence or not of VEGF-A. ( D ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy (αPD-1+ αVEGFR2) or the bitherapy with an anti-IL-10 (αIL-10) (n=11–12). ( E, F ) Flow cytometry analysis of the expression of the IL-10R ( E ) by peripheral blood NK cells from naive or CT26-bearing and ( F ) by intratumor NK cells of CT26-bearing mice at D1. ( G ) Percentage of IL-10R-expressing spleen NK cells after 24 hours of stimulation with indicated IL-10 concentrations. ( H ) Flow cytometry analysis at D1 of NK cells number in CT26 tumor. ( I ) Flow cytometry analysis of Ki-67 expression by NK cells from naive mice cultured for 24 hours with increasing IL-10 concentration. ( J ) Transwell migration assay of spleen NK cells from naive mice toward increasing concentration of IL-10 for 4 hours. The numbers of migrated cells were determined by flow cytometry using counting beads and normalized to basal migration (without IL-10). ( K ) Tumor growth of CT26-bearing Balb/c mice treated with Ig, the bitherapy, and/or an anti-IL10R, and/or an anti-Asialo-GM1 (n=5). Data representative of at least three independent experiments. The statistical tests used were ( D, K ) two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test, ( A, C, F ) unpaired t-test, ( B ) multiple paired t-tests, ( G, H, I ) one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s test. Data represent mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. ANOVA, analysis of variance; IL-10, interleukin-10; NK, natural killer; ns, not significant; PD1, programmed cell death protein-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

Article Snippet: Splenic CD8 T cells were incubated in activating (coated plate with 2 μg/mL of anti-CD3 (InVivoMab, BE0002) and anti-CD28 (InVivoMab, BE0015-1) antibody) or resting conditions with increasing concentrations of mouse VEGF-A (Miltenyi Biotec, 130–094-086).

Techniques: Produced, Concentration Assay, In Vitro, Cell Culture, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Transwell Migration Assay, Migration